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HCVA0-003덤프공부, HCVA0-003최고품질덤프자료
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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 시험요강:
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HCVA0-003덤프공부 퍼펙트한 덤프공부
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최신 HashiCorp Security Automation HCVA0-003 무료샘플문제 (Q201-Q206):
질문 # 201
You have deployed an application that needs to encrypt data before writing to a database. What secrets engine should you use?
- A. PKI
- B. TOTP
- C. Transit
- D. SSH
정답:C
설명:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
For encrypting data before writing it to a database, theTransitsecrets engine is the appropriate choice. The HashiCorp Vault documentation describes it as handling "cryptographic functions on data in-transit" and notes that it "can be viewed as 'cryptography as a service' or 'encryption as a service.'" It is designed to encrypt data without storing it, making it ideal for applications needing to secure data before storage in an external database. The primary use case is "to encrypt data from applications while still storing that encrypted data in some primary data store." TheSSHsecrets engine manages SSH keys and authentication, not data encryption. ThePKIsecrets engine handles certificate management, not general data encryption. TheTOTPsecrets engine generates time-based one-time passwords, unrelated to data encryption. Thus, Transit is the correct choice.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Transit Secrets Engine
질문 # 202
Which of the following statements are true about Vault policies? Choose two correct answers.
- A. Policies provide a declarative way to grant or forbid access to certain paths and operations in Vault
- B. Policies deny by default (empty policy grants no permission)
- C. Vault must be restarted in order for a policy change to take an effect
- D. The default policy can not be modified
- E. You must use YAML to define policies
정답:A,B
설명:
Vault policies are written in HCL or JSON format and are attached to tokens or roles by name. Policies define the permissions and restrictions for accessing and performing operations on certain paths and secrets in Vault. Policies are deny by default, which means that an empty policy grants no permission in the system, and any request that is not explicitly allowed by a policy is implicitly denied1. Some of the features and benefits of Vault policies are:
* Policies are path-based, which means that they match the request path to a set of rules that specify the allowed or denied capabilities, such as create, read, update, delete, list, sudo, etc2.
* Policies are additive, which means that if a token or a role has multiple policies attached, the effective policy is the union of all the individual policies. The most permissive capability is granted if there is a conflict3.
* Policies can use glob patterns, such as * and +, to match multiple paths or segments with a single rule. For example, path "secret/*" matches any path starting with secret/, and path "secret/+/config" matches any path with two segments after secret/ and ending with config4.
* Policies can use templating to interpolate certain values into the rules, such as identity information, time, randomness, etc. For example, path "secret/{{identity.entity.id}}/*" matches any path starting with secret/ followed by the entity ID of the requester5.
* Policies can be managed by using the vault policy commands or the sys/policy API endpoints. You can write, read, list, and delete policies by using these interfaces6.
The default policy is a built-in policy that is attached to all tokens by default and cannot be deleted. However, the default policy can be modified by using the vault policy write command or the sys/policy API endpoint. The default policy provides common permissions for tokens, such as renewing themselves, looking up their own information, creating and managing response-wrapping tokens, etc7.
You do not have to use YAML to define policies, as Vault supports both HCL and JSON formats. HCL is a human-friendly configuration language that is also JSON compatible, which means that JSON can be used as a valid input for policies as well8.
Vault does not need to be restarted in order for a policy change to take effect, as policies are stored and evaluated in memory. Any change to a policy is immediately reflected in the system, and any token or role that has that policy attached will be affected by the change.: 1(https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies), 2(https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault
/docs/concepts/policies), 3(https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies), 4(https://developer.
hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies), 5(https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts
/policies), 6(https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/lease), 7(https://developer.hashicorp.com
/vault/docs/concepts/policies), 8(https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies), (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#policy-updates)
질문 # 203
Which of the following statements best describes the difference in cluster strategies between self-managed Vault and HashiCorp-managed Vault?
- A. Neither self-managed clusters nor HCP Vault Dedicated include enterprise security features such as replication or disaster recovery
- B. Self-managed clusters require users to handle setup, maintenance, and scaling, whereas HCP Vault Dedicated is fully managed by HashiCorp and offloads most operational tasks
- C. In self-managed clusters, HashiCorp is responsible for scaling, upgrades, and patching, while HCP Vault Dedicated requires the user to handle all operational overhead
- D. Both self-managed clusters and HCP Vault Dedicated require manual patching and upgrades, but only self-managed clusters are hosted in the user's cloud
정답:B
설명:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:Correctly contrasts self-managed (user responsibility) with HCP Vault (HashiCorp-managed).
Correct.
* B:Both support replication; false. Incorrect.
* C:HCP Vault doesn't require manual upgrades. Incorrect.
* D:Reverses responsibilities; false. Incorrect.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"HCP Vault Dedicated is operated by HashiCorp... Self-managed Vault requires users to handle setup, maintenance, and scaling." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/hcp/docs/vault/what-is-hcp-vault
질문 # 204
What is the default method of authentication after first initializing Vault?
- A. Tokens
- B. GitHub
- C. TLS certificates
- D. Userpass
- E. AppRole
- F. Admin account
정답:A
설명:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
After initializing Vault, the default authentication method isTokens, specifically the root token. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "After initializing, Vault provides the user the root token, which is the only way to log in to Vault in order to configure additional auth methods." This root token is generated during initialization and serves as the initial means of authentication until other methods are configured.
The documentation further explains under the "Token Authentication" section: "Tokens are the core method for authentication within Vault. Upon initialization, a root token is created which can be used to configure Vault further."TLS certificates,GitHub,AppRole, andUserpassrequire additional setup, and there's no defaultAdmin accountmethod. Thus, D (Tokens) is correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Token Authentication
질문 # 205
When you are unsealing Vault using unseal keys, what are you actually doing?
- A. Reconstructing the root key
- B. Decrypting the Vault data
- C. Exporting the encryption key
- D. Creating the recovery keys
정답:A
설명:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Unsealing involves:
* C. Reconstructing the root key: "Unsealing is the process of obtaining the plaintext root key necessary to read the decryption key to decrypt the data, allowing access to the Vault." The unseal keys reconstruct this root key via Shamir's Secret Sharing.
* Incorrect Options:
* A: Recovery keys are separate.
* B: Keys aren't exported during unseal.
* D: Data decryption is a result, not the action.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/seal#seal-unseal
질문 # 206
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